Iglesia de San Pedro de la Nave

"La iglesia visigoda de San Pedro de la Nave se encuentra en la localidad de El Campillo, término municipal de San Pedro de la Nave-Almendra, en la provincia de Zamora (España). Fue declarada Monumento Nacional el 22 de abril de 1912 (publicado en el BOE de 29-04-1912). El templo se remonta a finales del siglo VII, pues debió construirse entre los años 680 y 711, es decir, en los años previos a la conquista musulmana, por lo que puede tratarse de una de las últimas obras del arte visigodo. Originariamente tuvo su emplazamiento a orillas del río Esla, pero, al construirse el embalse de Ricobayo, hubiera quedado sumergido en sus aguas, por lo que, a iniciativa de Manuel Gómez-Moreno, se decidió su traslado piedra a piedra a la actual ubicación. Esta operación se llevó a cabo entre los años 1930 y 1932 bajo la dirección del arquitecto Alejandro Ferrant Vázquez."

"San Pedro de la Nave ("St. Peter of the Nave") is a Visigothic church in the town of Campillo, in the municipal unit of San Pedro de la Nave-Almendra, in the province of Zamora, Spain. It was declared a national monument on April 22, 1912. The church foundation goes back to the reign of Ergica in the seventh century, having been built between 680 and before the Muslim conquest of Hispania in 711; San Pedro de la Nave is thus one of the last works of Visigothic architecture. Originally the church was sited on the banks of the river Esla, but, when the Ricobayo dam was built, it was moved to avoid submersion in the higher waters of the Esla. Thanks to the efforts of Manuel Gómez-Moreno, it was decided that the church would be moved stone by stone to its current location. This operation was carried out in 1930-32, under the direction of the architect Alejandro Ferrant Vázquez. The church's first design corresponded to a Roman cross in plan, although later two lateral naves were added, which gave it a hybrid shape between basilical and cruciform. It also has five rooms, two on each side of the Presbytery, that must have served as hermits' cells. In sum a rectangular plan of approximately 5.6 by 2.1 meters is established, from which eight chapels project: the rectangular central apsidal chapel and two others at the ends of the transept. The central nave, as is usually the case, is taller and wider than the aisles and is separated from them by arches supported by strong pillars. The roof of the church is supported by a barrel vault, but while the vault of the nave and the aisles retains its original stone structure, the western sections of the building are vaulted in brick from the earlier springing points of the ashlar masonry. The arches used are of the horseshoe type (greater than half a circle) of Visigothic architecture. The two arches perpendicular to the axis of the nave spring from impost blocks supported on columns attached to the piers. The arch opening onto the apse is a tighter horseshoe shape resting on two columns in the jambs of the opening. The decoration of the church is among the most outstanding of Visigothic architecture. There are two types of elements, deriving from different artistic conceptions and different craftsmen: first, a wide frieze corresponding to a course of the ashlar masonry, which shows a successions of circles with various vegetal and animal motives; second, the capitals of the engaged columns. These are of an excellent workmanship superior to that of the frieze. They show biblical scenes such as Daniel in the Lion's Den or The Sacrifice of Isaac. Their abacus blocks are decorated with volutes containing human and animal figures. There is also a clock inscribed on a stone in the interior wall of the church. The clock was never finished, but remains one of the marvels of this Visigothic church."